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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical commodity in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, unsaid or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite commodity in English. The is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to business relationship for seven percent of all printed English-language words.[one] It is derived from gendered manufactures in Onetime English which combined in Eye English and now has a single class used with pronouns of any gender.[a] The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with whatever letter of the alphabet. This is different from many other languages, which accept dissimilar forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel sound or used as an emphatic form.[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English language accept an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even earlier a vowel.[3] [4]

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the expert", not just "an" expert in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Use of manufactures". The, as in phrases similar "the more the better", has a distinct origin and etymology and by take chances has evolved to be identical to the definite commodity.[5]

Article

The and that are common developments from the aforementioned Old English organisation. Erstwhile English language had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Modernistic English word the.[6]

Geographic usage

An area in which the use or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

  • notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, isle groups (archipelagoes) and and so on – are generally used with a "the" definite commodity (the Rhine, the North Body of water, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
  • continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements generally do not take a "the" commodity (Europe, Jura, Austria (but the Republic of Republic of austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
  • start with a common noun followed past of may take the article, as in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge Academy, merely the University of Cambridge.
  • Some place names include an article, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Hamlet, The Village (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West Stop, the East End, The Hague, or the City of London (but London). Formerly e.g. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.[vii]
  • generally described singular names, the N Island (New Zealand) or the Due west Country (England), accept an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" but in that location are some that attach to secondary rules:

  • derivations from commonage mutual nouns such equally "kingdom", "republic", "spousal relationship", etc.: the Central African Republic, the Dominican Republic, the United states, the Britain, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including most country total names:[8] [9] the Czechia (but Czech republic), the Russian Federation (but Russia), the Principality of Monaco (simply Monaco), the State of Israel (but Israel) and the Democracy of Australia (but Australia).[10] [11] [12]
  • countries in a plural noun: kingdom of the netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Commonwealth of the bahamas.
  • Singular derivations from "island" or "land" that hold administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island – do non take a "the" definite article.
  • derivations from mount ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, even for singular, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).[13] This usage is in decline, The Gambia remains recommended whereas apply of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to equally the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, simply this is considered incorrect and perhaps offensive in modern usage.[14] Sudan (just the Republic of the Sudan) and South Sudan (but the Republic of S Sudan) are written present without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the most frequently used words in English, at various times brusque abbreviations for it take been found:

  • Barred thorn: the earliest abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Sometime English language. It is the letter of the alphabet þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and information technology represents the discussion þæt, pregnant "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
  • þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript eastward or t) appear in Middle English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
  • yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and announced in Early Modern manuscripts and in impress (come across Ye form).

Occasional proposals accept been made by individuals for an abridgement. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a alphabetic character similar to Ħ to correspond "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.[15]

In Eye English, the (þe) was ofttimes abbreviated equally a þ with a small-scale east above it, similar to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a pocket-sized t above information technology. During the latter Middle English and Early Modern English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. As a effect, the use of a y with an eastward above information technology (EME ye.svg) as an abbreviation became common. This can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y sound, even when so written.

The word "The" itself, capitalised, is used as an abridgement in Republic countries for the honorific title "The Right Honourable", every bit in east.g. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", short for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".[16]

References

  1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Letter of the alphabet Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
  2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Lexicon.
  3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Class in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
  4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh Academy Press. p. 44.
  5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. xi March 2016.
  6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved xviii June 2015.
  7. ^ "Why is it chosen The Hague?".
  8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to employ".
  9. ^ "FAO Country Profiles". www.fao.org.
  10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
  11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
  12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
  13. ^ Swan, Michael How English language Works, p. 25
  14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
  15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
  16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Accost, 21st ed., pp. 8–9. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

  1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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